Universities of Ukraine
and Ukrainian univer
Education in Ukraine has
a complex structure of the European type, it includes pre-school education,
comprehensive secondary education, extra-school
education, vocational technical education,
higher education, graduate, postgraduate and
doctoral education, self-education. Besides
there are the following educational levels:
primary general education, basic general
secondary education, full general secondary
education, vocational education, basic higher
education, full higher education; educational
qualification levels have the following
gradation: qualified worker, junior
specialist, bachelor, specialist, master.
Adoption of such a ramified scheme is of a
principal importance since it guarantees to a
person a free choice and gives him/her a
possibility to obtain education according to
his/her mental and professional abilities. In
pursuance of the Low of Ukraine citizens of
Ukraine have the right to get education of
different forms: daytime, evening, extra-mural
and distant. Distant learning is successfully
developing and improving alongside with the
development of information technologies.
Today Ukraine possesses function 17,2 thousand
pre-school institutions with 1,055
thousand children, or about 39% of the total
number of pre-school children. The children with
mental and those having chronic diseases of
internal organs are being taught at the
institutions of a compensatory type - 1,3
thousand special institutions, 507 sanatorium
type institutions.
Special kindergartens with a priority
development of the certain type of activity
implementing author's programs, experience of
the outstanding teachers of the past and present
are being actively organized; they offer
additional educational services. There are more
than 1,7 thousand of such institutions.
The national system of secondary education
of Ukraine embraces 21,6 thousand secondary
educational institutions with 14,9 thousand ones
situated in the countryside.
273 gymnasiums, 232 lyceums, 25 colleges have
been established for gifted children, and the
number of such educational institutions
increases annually.
The boarding schools experience proved their
necessity as establishments for social and
working rehabilitation. If the social -
pedagogical work with children with mental and
physical defects, children-invalids is organized
properly, they develop successfully.
According to the changes of the demographic
situation and social - economic conditions the
network of boarding schools is being constantly
unproved. At the beginning of a new academic
year 401 special boarding schools for children
with mental and physical defects and social
rehabilitation secondary schools and 221 private
schools functioned in Ukraine.
Today, taking into account the international
experience the concept of the 12-year
term of study in the general secondary school
and the 12-point scale marking
system for pupils' knowledge assessment is
adopted and is being implemented in Ukraine. All
the marks according to this 12-point scale will
be entered into the relevant general certificate
of education. Though the 12-point scale system
is not the aim hi itself. It can become
effective if it is accompanied by the list of
compulsory school subjects', state attestation
and other above-mentioned measures.
The transition of the Ukrainian school onto the
12-year term of study prompts revising the
contents of primary education. In regard to
primary school children's abilities primary
school is called upon to provide raising
children as citizens of Ukraine, ensuring their
intellectual, social and physical development
and their further development as personalities.
The content of education is based on the human
values, on the principles of scientific and
cultural development, humanism, democracy,
mutual respect among different ethnic groups. It
aims at the protection of interests of an
individual, family, society and the State of
Ukraine.
According to the International program on
education in human rights, the UN "Convention on
Children's Rights", the Constitution of Ukraine,
the Law of Ukraine on which defines the State
policy in the sphere of extra-school education,
its legal, social-economic, organizational,
teaching and educational principles is adopted
in Ukraine. The main objectives of
extra-school education are:
-
free development of a personality and
formatting of his/her social experience and
civil spirit;
-
creation the conditions for creative,
intellectual, spiritual and physical
development of a child;
-
search, development and support of capable
and gifted children and young people.
Daring the dynamic social development and market
transformations vocational education
gets a very great importance.
Vocational educational system performs a very
important function in social protection of the
youth. Educational institutions provide
instruction and financial assistance to 81
thousand orphans 50 thousand children with one
parent and 178 thousand children from
disadvantaged and problem families (45% of the
total number of students).
In recent 5 years the number of vocational
schools of a new type has doubled. Nowadays
there are 110 higher vocational schools and
centers of vocational training, 14
vocational-and-art schools, 4 agrarian
firm-colleges.
The structure of higher education
in Ukraine is build up in accordance with the
structure of education of the world's higher
developed countries which is defined by UNESCO,
UN and other international organizations.
The higher education system comprises
state-owned as well as private higher
educational institutions. The network includes
979 higher educational institutions of I-IV
accreditation levels (vocational and technical
schools, colleges, institutions, academies,
universities), among which 664 higher
educational institutions of I-II levels of
accreditation including 593 state-owned ones and
other 71 with other forms of ownership training
528 thousand students.
The higher educational network of III-IV
accreditation levels numbers 315 establishments
including 223 state-owned ones.
For the first time hi 2000 in pursuance of the
Decrees of the President of Ukraine and
Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of
Ukraine the system of crediting students'
tuition was introduced. In the years to follow
the State Budget provides 5 mln. hryvnyas for
this purposes.
Decrees of the President of Ukraine "On State
Assistance for Training Personnel for Rural
Regions" etc. play an important social role in
establishing legal framework for social
protection of the young people.
Recently, Ukraine has faced a considerable
increase in the number of children under 18 who
study at technical and vocational schools,
colleges and have limited possibilities for
then- development; they need a special social
care and governmental support for receiving
professional education. Primarily it concerns
all children - invalids, children with physical
defects, ill children and those who are victims
of the nuclear disaster at the Chernobyl NPP.
Such children study at technical boarding
schools for the disabled. The International
Human Development University has been recently
founded in Ukraine. The University is known for
the application of new education technologies,
distant learning hi particular, it allows
everyone to obtain a full-scale education of the
I-IV levels of accreditation in 27 specialties
depending on the state of health and residence
of a student. The university branches are
scattered all over Ukraine. Comprehensive
education-scientific-rehabilitation complexes
(from kindergartens to master courses) have been
established. Besides technical schools and
colleges of Ukraine provide special training
courses for the disabled allowing them to obtain
the qualification of a junior specialists.
A important task of the system of education of
Ukraine is the realization of the concept
of lifetime learning. The labor market
changes quickly, that dictates the necessity to
elaborate short-term teaching program for
retraining qualification improvement of
personnel. The system of post - graduate
education must perform this important
function.
Today positive changes are taking place in the
formation of a complex system of post-graduate
education as a constituent of national
education. There function over 500 state-owned
and non-governmental educational establishments
and their subdivisions, with about 200 higher
educational establishments of post-graduate
education directly subordinated to the Ministry
of Education and Science of Ukraine. At the same
time 23 ministries and administrations have
their own network of educational institutions,
the most important of them being agrarian,
industrial and transport institutes. Annually
the post-graduate system of education trams 300
thousand specialists of whom 30 thousand get a
higher education of different educational and
qualification level in 58 specialties.
